Bio-fabrication of thermozyme-based nano-biosensors: their components and present scenario

An amalgamation of microbiology, biocatalysis, recombinant molecular biology, and nanotechnology is crucial for groundbreaking innovation in developing nano-biomedicines sensoristics. Enzyme-based nano-biosensor finds prospective applications various sectors (environmental, pharmaceutical, food, biorefineries). These demand reliable catalytic efficiency functionality the enzyme under an extreme operational environment a prolonged period. Over last few years, bio-fabrication nano-biosensors conjunction with thermozymes from thermophilic microbes being sought after as viable design. Thermozymes are known their robustness, chemically resistant toward organic solvents, possess higher durability constant use, ability, stability at elevated temperatures. Additionally, several other attributes like substrate specificity, selectivity, sensitivity make them desirable customized biosensor. In this review, designing aspects enzyme-based immobilization on electrode surface, new materials derived microbial sources (biopolymers based nanocomposites), improvisation measures sensitivity, selectivity have been addressed. It also covers biosynthesis nanomaterials used to develop sensoristic devices its numerous such wastewater treatment, biorefineries, diagnostics. The knowledge will pave way creating consistent eco-friendly, economically nanostructured-based technologies broad applicability exploitation industrial use near future.